OPEN LETTER
March 5, 2019
The Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau
Prime Minister of Canada
House of Commons
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0A6
The Hon. Doug Ford
Premier of Ontario
Legislative Building
Toronto, ON M7A 1A1
His Worship John Tory
Mayor of Toronto
100 Queen St W,
Toronto, ON M5H 2N2
RE: Waterfront Toronto Reset
Dear Prime Minister, Premier and Mayor,
We are writing to you about the Smart City initiative for the Toronto Eastern Waterfront, the Quayside Sidewalk Toronto project. The Canadian Civil Liberties Association (“CCLA”) believes that your decisions and activities, through Waterfront Toronto [1] and otherwise, are unconstitutional and contrary to statute, common law and administrative law. We respectfully submit that it’s time for a reset of this project. Hit CTRL-ALT-DELETE on Sidewalk Toronto: before bidding and procurement, you must first legislate protections for the people from the risks of surveillance capitalism on our streets.
CCLA is an independent, non-partisan, national organization that’s been promoting and defending Canadians’ rights and freedoms since 1964. Small but mighty, we have sought to insert ourselves into every major civil liberties issue facing Canada for the past half century. CCLA, on this issue, through this letter, stands on the shoulders of countless citizens, activists, experts, and journalists in Canada and abroad, on the streets, through public forums, committee meetings, online and on campus.
CCLA submits that Sidewalk Toronto and the Quayside project should be reset, with your ‘creation,’ [2] Waterfront Toronto, issuing no new Quayside RFP until all three levels of government, after adequate public consultation, have established digital data governance policies for the appropriate collection, ownership, use and residency of personal information and other data obtained from public places in any embedded sensor laden, data harvesting Smart City contemplated for Quayside. This was the path trodden by Smart City Barcelona, which changed course in 2011, rendering it a global leader for citizen-focused Smart Cities.
Not for the first time, private enterprise got ahead of you and strove to exploit an unregulated frontier. Meanwhile, the legal vehicle you created to be the “public advocate and steward,” [3] Waterfront Toronto, put the cart before the horse. Powers were given away to a private enterprise that cannot legally be given away. Waterfront Toronto also exceeded its own powers under its governing statute. Waterfront Toronto was supposed to be a real estate revitalization company, not an unelected, unaccountable Data & Privacy Czar, lacking any such authority from Parliament, Queen’s Park or City Hall.
The constitutional problem boils down to outsourcing the public interest to a private company without any democratic or legal authority. That in turn risks civil liberties within a free and democratic society. Only elected legislators have the constitutional authority to enact civil liberties protections in law. But you left that task to a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. Protecting the public interest, forging the rules of the road for data, surveillance and privacy within a Smart City: that’s your constitutional job, as leaders of our three levels of government. The constitutional error that arises with outsourcing the public interest is manifold but it’s akin to a government retaining Exxon to design a country’s energy policy.
What are the Charter risks? We believe that the Waterfront Toronto-Sidewalk Labs Framework Agreement and the Plan Development Agreement (“PDA“) contemplate a non-consensual, state-authorized mass capture of Canadians’ personal information. As such, the Charter is engaged and breached: namely, Canadians’ right to privacy under the Charter, section 2 (fundamental freedoms of assembly and association), section 7 (life, liberty and security of the person), and section 8 (unreasonable search or seizure). The PDA also violates privacy statutes applicable to Waterfront Toronto, which is not above the law.
The CCLA is contemplating litigation in this matter because your respective governments behave as if unaware that, constitutionally, the emperor has no clothes. Canada needs you to develop the federal, provincial and municipal policies for a Smart City (whether at Quayside or elsewhere in Canada) before the procurement process, not after. As such, CCLA argues for a reset of Sidewalk Toronto, rather than a scrapping of a Smart City altogether. A change of course is needed. Ask not what your country can do for technology – ask what technology can do for your country. If you won’t reset through government or by elected assembly, civil society may need to through the courts.
With this open letter to you, we are also asking the public to reach out to their democratic representatives, if they agree, to hit the reset button on Smart City Toronto. In the spirit of public debate, we are also encouraging your governments to respond to this letter, and debate these ideas in your legislative assemblies.
Are you contemplating such a reset? If so, when and how? If not, why not? Thank you for considering the foregoing, and we look forward to your response.
Sincerely,
Michael Bryant
Executive Director & General Counsel
Canadian Civil Liberties Association
Dr. Brenda McPhail
Director of Privacy, Technology & Surveillance
Canadian Civil Liberties Association
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[1] Formally the “Toronto Waterfront Revitalization Corporation”, operating as “Waterfront Toronto”and self-described as follows: “Waterfront Toronto is the public advocate and steward of waterfront revitalization. Created by the Governments of Canada and Ontario and the City of Toronto, Waterfront Toronto is mandated to deliver a revitalized waterfront” [emphasis added]. https://www.waterfrontoronto.ca/nbe/portal/waterfront/Home/waterfronthome/about-us
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid.
