{"id":1774,"date":"2020-11-20T03:05:09","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T03:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=1774"},"modified":"2021-08-25T20:15:38","modified_gmt":"2021-08-25T20:15:38","slug":"a-victory-for-justice-and-equality-scc-finds-ontario-law-discriminates-based-on-mental-disability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/une-victoire-pour-la-justice-et-legalite-la-csc-estime-que-la-loi-ontarienne-est-discriminatoire-en-raison-dun-handicap-mental\/","title":{"rendered":"Une victoire pour la justice et l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 : la CSC constate que la loi ontarienne fait preuve de discrimination fond\u00e9e sur la d\u00e9ficience mentale"},"content":{"rendered":"
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20 novembre 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans un\u00a0<\/span>fort<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>d\u00e9cision rendue aujourd'hui, le\u00a0<\/span>Cour supr\u00eame du Canada\u00a0<\/span>a\u00a0<\/span>a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que le programme d'enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels de l'Ontario\u00a0<\/span>discrimine contre je<\/span>personnes atteintes d'une maladie mentale. T<\/span>il plan a \u00eatre<\/span>et invalid\u00e9 par la Cour \u00e0 l'unanimit\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0au motif qu'il viole les\u00a0<\/span>Charte\u00a0<\/span>garantie d'\u00e9galit\u00e9 d'une mani\u00e8re qui n'est ni raisonnable ni justifi\u00e9e<\/span>. C'est une victoire pour des droits \u00e0 l'\u00e9galit\u00e9 significatifs pour ceux qui\u00a0<\/span>vivre avec un\u00a0<\/span>maladie mentale<\/span>\u00a0et\u00a0<\/span>affirme la fondamentale\u00a0<\/span>principe selon lequel la loi ne doit pas punir les personnes qui ne sont pas moralement responsables de leurs actes.\u00a0<\/span>L'affaire\u00a0<\/span>adresses<\/span>\u00a0questions importantes sur la fa\u00e7on dont notre droit p\u00e9nal aborde les questions de responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale<\/span>\u00a0et la maladie mentale<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Fond<\/span>\u00a0<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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En 1991, le Parlement canadien a r\u00e9form\u00e9 le\u00a0<\/span>Code criminel\u00a0<\/span>reconna\u00eetre les besoins et les circonstances uniques des personnes qui commettent des infractions criminelles en raison d'un trouble mental.\u00a0<\/span>La loi a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9tention pour une dur\u00e9e ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e par un traitement et a \u00e9tabli un syst\u00e8me de commissions provinciales d'examen d'experts pour examiner la d\u00e9cision appropri\u00e9e pour un<\/span>\u00a0non criminellement responsable (NCR)\u00a0<\/span>accus\u00e9s, y compris si et quand ils pourraient \u00eatre \u00ababsolument lib\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00bb et ne rel\u00e8vent plus de la comp\u00e9tence du droit p\u00e9nal. L'approche reconna\u00eet que ceux qui commettent des infractions en raison d'une maladie mentale ne sont pas moralement coupables et que leur besoin de traitement doit figurer en bonne place dans toutes les d\u00e9cisions qui affectent leur libert\u00e9.<\/span>\u00a0Plusieurs ann\u00e9es plus tard, le gouvernement de l'Ontario a promulgu\u00e9 sa loi sur l'enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels (<\/span>la loi de Christophe)\u00a0<\/span>et le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a embo\u00eet\u00e9 le pas en 2004. Ces deux lois exigent l'enregistrement des personnes qui ont commis certaines infractions sexuelles, qu'elles aient \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9es apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnues coupables ou non criminellement responsables.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Dans\u00a0<\/span>G. c. Ontario (Procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral),\u00a0<\/span>la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario\u00a0<\/span>a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que les r\u00e9gimes f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et provincial violaient les droits constitutionnels des accus\u00e9s non responsables criminellement qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s inconditionnellement par la Commission ontarienne d'examen.\u00a0<\/span>Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s \u00e0 la Cour ont montr\u00e9 que, bien qu'une personne trouv\u00e9e\u00a0<\/span>coupable\u00a0<\/span>d'une infraction sexuelle a plusieurs \u00ab rampes de sortie \u00bb pour \u00e9viter l'enregistrement\u00a0<\/span>en tant que d\u00e9linquant sexuel\u00a0<\/span>ou\u00a0<\/span>\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>sortir du registre<\/span>\u00a0apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode de temps<\/span>, c'est beaucoup plus difficile\u00a0<\/span>(et parfois impossible)\u00a0<\/span>pour un accus\u00e9 non responsable criminellement de le faire<\/span>. L'absence de semblable\u00a0<\/span>\u00ab\u00a0rampes de sortie\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0<\/span>viol\u00e9 le\u00a0<\/span>Charte\u00a0<\/span>garantie d'\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0En effet, les accus\u00e9s NCR ont \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span>e trait\u00e9s plus durement que les d\u00e9linquants condamn\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span>Alors que le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a choisi de ne pas faire appel de la d\u00e9cision, le gouvernement de l'Ontario a port\u00e9 la constitutionnalit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me provincial d'enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels devant la Cour supr\u00eame.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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D\u00e9cision de la CSC<\/u><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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La d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame affirme que\u00a0<\/span>La loi de Christophe\u00a0<\/span>discrimine les individus sur la base d'un handicap mental.\u00a0<\/span>Comme l'affirme la majorit\u00e9 :\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab la loi elle-m\u00eame invoque des points de vue pr\u00e9judiciables et st\u00e9r\u00e9otyp\u00e9s sur les personnes atteintes de maladies mentales, alimentant une stigmatisation pr\u00e9judiciable ; et la loi place les personnes trouv\u00e9es NRCTM dans un\u00a0<\/span>travail<\/span>se position que ceux reconnus coupables. Les deux effets perp\u00e9tuent l'histoire et la fin<\/span>d\u00e9savantage subi par les personnes atteintes de maladies mentales. (paragraphe 67)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La Cour a \u00e9galement\u00a0<\/span>a estim\u00e9 que la violation de la garantie d'\u00e9galit\u00e9 n'\u00e9tait ni raisonnable ni justifi\u00e9e<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 la loi n'a pas port\u00e9 atteinte au minimum aux droits \u00e0 l'\u00e9galit\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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En plus d'avancer des arguments selon lesquels le r\u00e9gime d'enregistrement violait la garantie d'\u00e9galit\u00e9, l'ACLC avait \u00e9galement soutenu qu'il y avait eu violation de la\u00a0<\/span>Charte\u00a0<\/span>article 7 protection de la vie, de la libert\u00e9 et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne. La Cour a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 qu'elle n'avait pas besoin d'aborder cette question, mais de mani\u00e8re significative, a laiss\u00e9 la porte ouverte \u00e0 de futurs d\u00e9fis<\/span>\u00a0et a reconnu que la jurisprudence ontarienne qui dit que l'inscription sur un registre n'est qu'une atteinte \u00ab modeste \u00bb \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 contest\u00e9e<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La d\u00e9cision de la Cour est partag\u00e9e sur la question du recours. Les juges majoritaires ont convenu avec la Cour d'appel que le r\u00e9gime d'inscription, tel qu'il s'applique aux accus\u00e9s non responsables criminellement qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9s inconditionnellement, est invalide<\/span>. La Cour a admis que le\u00a0<\/span>d\u00e9claration d'invalidit\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>pourrait \u00eatre suspendu pour une p\u00e9riode de 12 mois pour permettre \u00e0 l'Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative de l'Ontario de r\u00e9gler les probl\u00e8mes.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0L'individu au c\u0153ur de l'affaire \u2013 G \u2013 avait droit \u00e0 un recours imm\u00e9diat de radiation du registre.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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En plus de la d\u00e9cision majoritaire, il existe un jugement concordant et un jugement dissident en partie. Ces d\u00e9cisions montrent des divisions int\u00e9ressantes sur le tribunal en ce qui concerne les recours en cas de violation de la Constitution<\/span>\u00a0et peut \u00eatre important \u00e0 l'avenir\u00a0<\/span>Charte\u00a0<\/span>cas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00c0 propos de l\u2019association canadienne sur les libert\u00e9s civiles<\/h3>\n
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L\u2019ACLC est un organisme ind\u00e9pendant \u00e0 but non lucratif qui compte des sympathisant.e.s dans tout le pays. Fond\u00e9 en 1964, c\u2019est un organisme qui \u0153uvre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du Canada \u00e0 la protection des droits et des libert\u00e9s civiles de toute sa population.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les m\u00e9dias<\/h3>\n
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Pour d'autres commentaires, veuillez nous contacter \u00e0\u00a0media@ccla.org<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pour les mises \u00e0 jour en direct<\/h3>\n
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Veuillez continuer \u00e0 vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0\u00a0cette page<\/a>\u00a0et \u00e0 nos plateformes de m\u00e9dias sociaux. On est dessus\u00a0Instagram<\/u><\/a>,\u00a0Facebook<\/u><\/a>, et\u00a0Twitter<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans une d\u00e9cision ferme rendue publique aujourd'hui, la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que le programme d'enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels de l'Ontario est discriminatoire \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des personnes atteintes d'une maladie mentale. Le r\u00e9gime a \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9 par la Cour \u00e0 l'unanimit\u00e9 au motif qu'il viole la garantie d'\u00e9galit\u00e9 de la Charte d'une mani\u00e8re qui n'est ni raisonnable ni justifi\u00e9e.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1862,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,86,73,6,124,83,126,134],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1774","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-criminal-justice","8":"category-criminal-records-collateral-consequences","9":"category-disability","10":"category-equality","11":"category-fair-trial-rights","12":"category-fair-trial-due-process-sentencing","13":"category-not-criminally-responsible","14":"category-sex-offender-registries"},"yoast_head":"\nA Victory for Justice and Equality: SCC Finds Ontario Law Discriminates Based on Mental Disability - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Victory for Justice and Equality: SCC Finds Ontario Law Discriminates Based on Mental Disability - CCLA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a strong decision released today, the Supreme Court of Canada has decided that Ontario\u2019s sex offender registration scheme discriminates against individuals with a mental illness. 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