{"id":1768,"date":"2020-12-09T02:48:52","date_gmt":"2020-12-09T02:48:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=1768"},"modified":"2021-09-07T20:33:33","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T20:33:33","slug":"proof-of-vaccination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/privacy\/proof-of-vaccination\/","title":{"rendered":"Proof of Vaccination"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]December 9, 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ontario\u2019s health minister openly suggested that people who don\u2019t have proof they\u2019ve chosen to receive a COVID-19 vaccination might face \u201csome restrictions\u201d despite the vaccination itself remaining voluntary.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Does that make you nod in agreement, or strike fear in your heart?\u00a0<\/span>Here\u2019s why you might want to land<\/span>\u00a0on the fearful side of that equatio<\/span>n.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To be clear, this isn\u2019t an<\/span>\u00a0anti-vaccination<\/span>\u00a0concern<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Choosing to be vaccinated\u00a0<\/span>is\u00a0<\/span>an important way that people can co<\/span>ntribute to conquering COVID,<\/span>\u00a0protect themselves and their loved ones, and\u00a0<\/span>comply<\/span>\u00a0with public health requests<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>But is it a choice or an offer one can\u2019t refuse?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The concern is whether the choice is going to be real in any sense of the word. Today,\u00a0<\/span>Ontario\u2019s Minister of health essentially suggested that\u00a0<\/span>that it is possible that<\/span>\u00a0individual freedom to move about, to work, to receive services, and to participate fully in the social life we\u2019re all missing so\u00a0<\/span>desperately<\/span>\u2014she mentioned \u201ctravel\u201d \u201cwork\u201d and \u201ccinemas\u201d\u2013<\/span>\u00a0may be predicated on a voluntary medical decision, and she sa<\/span>id<\/span>\u00a0it in an \u201cof course\u201d tone of voice.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

It\u2019s not hard to think of ways such policies can go wrong in the short term. When vaccines are scarce and we all have to wait our turn, creating have and have not classes off the bat\u00a0<\/span>reminds one ethicist<\/span>, Alison Thompson<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>of the Dr. Seuss book about the Sneetches. Remember that one? \u201cThe Star-Belly Sneetches had bellies with stars. The Plain-Belly Sneetches had none upon thars.\u201d Star-bellies discriminate against the others based on a trait out of their control\u2014waiting for a turn to get a scarce vaccine based on government guidelines is similarly out of our control,\u00a0<\/span>and shouldn\u2019t result in differential access to other services or amenities.<\/span>\u00a0Especially when the efficacy of the vaccines looks good in trials but hasn\u2019t been tested in the real world<\/span>, this generates a kind of double-barreled unfairness, p<\/span>rivileging those someone else has decided should be first in line based on assumptions about the benefits accruing to them from that privilege.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But creating vaccine haves and have-nots<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>doesn\u2019t just discriminate against people who haven\u2019t yet been vaccinated, it also has a coercive effect on the decision-making process they\u2019ll have to engage in<\/span>. Meaningful consent is required for voluntariness to be\u00a0<\/span>genuine<\/span>, and coerced consent doesn\u2019t meet that threshold.<\/span>\u00a0Think about those meaningless \u201cconsent\u201d click boxes on the internet that essentially give us the choice of saying yes, you can do what you want with my personal information or no, I guess I can\u2019t use your product at all. Is that the right model to import into our public health context?\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Of course, it\u2019s more complicated. My decision to click yes affects me. My decision to get vaccinated, or not, will affect me, but will also affect you. There is social good to be achieved from population-level immunity and the\u00a0 way to\u00a0<\/span>maximize\u00a0<\/span>that good is via widespread vaccination<\/span>. What\u2019s the line between persuasion and coercion? What\u2019s the line between incentivizing\u00a0<\/span>pu<\/span>blic health\u00a0<\/span>practices<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>and manipulating them, and where on that spectrum should a democratic state fall<\/span>? Does that place on the continuum change<\/span>\u00a0in a pandemic<\/span>, or is a crisis precisely the time to hold firm? How do we make principled choices, and subject those choices to appropriate scrutiny, critique, and change as required? Lots of questions, all needing answers<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But\u00a0<\/span>even worse problems await when the staggered vaccination program runs its course and everyone has it who wanted it. Then, we risk creating a\u00a0<\/span>dangerous\u00a0<\/span>social sorting, a\u00a0<\/span>categorization of human beings<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>as<\/span>\u00a0safe<\/span>\u00a0vs<\/span>\u00a0unsafe,\u00a0<\/span>deserving vs undeserving<\/span>, based on their personal decision about their health<\/span>.<\/span>\u202f\u202fWe know what happens when we create social systems dividing people into categories\u2014abuse, discrimination, and oppression.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Consider employment, for example. Front-line service jobs are disproportionately held by women, newcomers and people of\u00a0<\/span>colour<\/span>.\u202f They are exactly the jobs where employers\u00a0<\/span>may well\u00a0<\/span>seek proof that their workers are safe\u2014one that could be marketed to the public.\u202f\u202f<\/span>Let our vaccinated staff serve you.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>Faced with the potential for being denied employment<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>what kind of meaningful choice will people have\u2014keeping in mind,\u00a0<\/span>those most likely to be\u00a0<\/span>affected may well be<\/span>\u00a0the least powerful in our society.\u00a0<\/span>Human rights legislation, which might be relied on in some circumstances to protect against employer demands to vaccinate or quit, varies from province to province, and its protections may be too little, too late when workers need rent money and food on the table<\/span>\u00a0this month and a hearing is<\/span>\u00a03 months away.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

And then we get to privacy. The\u00a0<\/span>idea of presenting proof of vaccination i<\/span>s predicated on the idea that we should be sharing particular kinds of health information about ourselves widely<\/span>\u2014keeping in mind that while it may not feel too personal to say \u201cyes, I got the shot\u201d\u00a0<\/span>(although\u00a0<\/span>opinions would vary on that),\u00a0<\/span>saying \u201cI can\u2019t get it because of my medical condition X\u201d is a different level of intrusion entirely<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>H<\/span>ealth information has long been understood as one of the most sensitive, personal categories of information.\u00a0<\/span>And the wider range of\u00a0<\/span>organisations<\/span>\u00a0and institutions that decide they need to see it<\/span>\u00a0or collect it<\/span>, the\u00a0<\/span>bigger the\u00a0<\/span>risks get.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>If<\/span>\u00a0it turns out that the \u201ccard\u201d for proof ends up\u00a0<\/span>being some sort of digital credential, that\u00a0<\/span>further\u00a0<\/span>ups the ante on potential privacy risks<\/span>;<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tools like the \u201c<\/span>CommonPass<\/span><\/a>\u201d are already in the works elsewhere<\/span>, and just like the exposure notification\/contact tr<\/span>acing debates, there will\u00a0<\/span>inevitably\u00a0<\/span>be tension between privacy, utility, and<\/span>\u00a0inclusion<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If governments mandate\u00a0<\/span>such sharing<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>their decrees<\/span>\u00a0may not survive judicial review<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0but Minister Elliot\u2019s casual comments<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>reveal that\u00a0<\/span>they have an easier and more likely option, to simply\u00a0<\/span>acquiesce<\/span>, maybe even approve,\u00a0<\/span>when others decide to require<\/span>\u00a0a copy of the \u201cproof\u201d they issue<\/span>.\u202f<\/span>The Minister is actually perfectly clear on this point when\u00a0<\/span>she states<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201cThere may be some restrictions that may be placed on people that don\u2019t have (a\u00a0<\/span>v<\/span>accine)\u2026but that will be up to the individual person to decide whether they want to receive the vaccine to be able to do these things or not. But it is voluntary.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Insisting<\/span>\u00a0vaccination\u00a0<\/span>is voluntary and in the same breath<\/span>\u00a0linking t<\/span>hat choice to\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>likely\u00a0<\/span>denial of full participation in<\/span>\u00a0public activities<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>is<\/span>\u00a0a<\/span>\u00a0backhand slap<\/span>\u00a0in the face to\u00a0<\/span>anyone who\u00a0<\/span>might think\u00a0<\/span>the word voluntary equals a real choice.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

We\u2019re being<\/span>\u00a0propelled towards<\/span>\u00a0a dangerous quagmire\u00a0<\/span>where\u00a0<\/span>rights, health\u00a0<\/span>priorities, common good, and individual autonomy are going to\u00a0<\/span>conflict, all\u00a0<\/span>butt<\/span>ing<\/span>\u00a0up against the overwhelming desire to just make the pandemic and all of its accompanying restrictions go away.\u00a0<\/span>Let\u2019s not step in it and sink over our heads.\u00a0<\/span>Canadians will be better served if the next statements we hear about\u00a0<\/span>proof of vaccination\u00a0<\/span>focus\u00a0<\/span>on respect for individual choices<\/span>\u00a0and maybe even incentives to encourage social responsibility<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>rather than dire hints of social exclusion<\/span>. We need to take some time to think through the complex legal, ethical, and moral issues that are raised and make sure that our cures are in fact, curative and not destructive<\/span>\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span>our body politic<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Brenda McPhail is Director of Privacy for the Canadian Civil Liberties Association<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ontario\u2019s health minister openly suggested that people who don\u2019t have proof they\u2019ve chosen to receive a COVID-19 vaccination might face \u201csome restrictions\u201d despite the vaccination itself remaining voluntary.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":3604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,11,88,142],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1768","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-covid-19","8":"category-privacy","9":"category-surveillance-technology","10":"category-vaccine-passports"},"yoast_head":"\nProof of Vaccination - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Proof of Vaccination - 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