{"id":16335,"date":"2015-10-27T23:00:39","date_gmt":"2015-10-28T03:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/non-classe\/resume-pacte-international-relatif-aux-droits-civils-et-politiques-pidcp\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:40:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:40:17","slug":"resume-pacte-international-relatif-aux-droits-civils-et-politiques-pidcp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/vie-privee\/surveillance-et-vie-privee\/resume-pacte-international-relatif-aux-droits-civils-et-politiques-pidcp\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9sum\u00e9 : Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP)"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]\n
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CONTEXTE :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Pacte international des droits civils et politiques des Nations Unies (PIDCP) tente d\u2019assurer la protection des droits civils et politiques. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations Unies le 19 d\u00e9cembre 1966 et est entr\u00e9 en vigueur le 23 mars 1976. Le Pacte international relatif aux droits \u00e9conomiques, sociaux et culturels, la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019homme, ainsi que le PIDCP et ses deux protocoles facultatifs, sont collectivement connus sous le nom de D\u00e9claration internationale des droits. <\/p>\n

BUT :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le PIDCP reconna\u00eet la dignit\u00e9 inh\u00e9rente de chaque individu et s\u2019engage \u00e0 promouvoir des conditions au sein des \u00c9tats permettant la jouissance des droits civils et politiques. Les pays qui ont ratifi\u00e9 le Pacte sont tenus \u00ab de prot\u00e9ger et de pr\u00e9server les droits humains fondamentaux… [et] \u00ab contraint de prendre des mesures administratives, judiciaires et l\u00e9gislatives afin de prot\u00e9ger les droits inscrits dans le trait\u00e9 et de fournir un recours efficace. \u00bb Il y a actuellement 74 signataires et 168 parties \u00e0 la PIDCP. <\/p>\n

CONTENU :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les th\u00e8mes et valeurs unificateurs du PIDCP se trouvent aux articles 2 et 3 et reposent sur la notion de non-discrimination. L\u2019article 2 garantit que les droits reconnus dans le PIDCP seront respect\u00e9s et accessibles \u00e0 tous sur le territoire des \u00c9tats ayant ratifi\u00e9 le Pacte (\u00c9tat Partie). L\u2019article 3 garantit le droit \u00e9gal des hommes et des femmes \u00e0 la jouissance de tous les droits civils et politiques \u00e9nonc\u00e9s dans le PIDCP. <\/p>\n

Les droits prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par le PIDCP incluent :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Article 6 \u2013 Droit \u00e0 la vie.
\nArticle 7 \u2013 Libert\u00e9 contre la torture.
\nArticle 8 \u2013 Droit de ne pas \u00eatre r\u00e9duit en esclavage.
\nArticle 9 \u2013 Droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne.
\nArticle 10 \u2013 Droits des d\u00e9tenus.
\nArticle 11 \u2013 Droit de ne pas \u00eatre emprisonn\u00e9 simplement pour incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 remplir une obligation contractuelle.
\nArticle 12 \u2013 Libert\u00e9 de circulation et de choix de r\u00e9sidence pour les r\u00e9sidents l\u00e9gaux.
\nArticle 13 \u2013 Droits des \u00e9trangers.
\nArticle 14 \u2013 \u00c9galit\u00e9 devant les tribunaux et les tribunaux. Droit \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable.
\nArticle 15 \u2013 Nul ne peut \u00eatre coupable d\u2019un acte d\u2019infraction criminelle qui ne constitue pas une infraction criminelle.
\nArticle 16 \u2013 Droit \u00e0 la reconnaissance en tant que personne devant la loi.
\nArticle 17 \u2013 Libert\u00e9 contre toute ing\u00e9rence arbitraire ou ill\u00e9gale.
\nArticle 18 \u2013 Droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de pens\u00e9e, de conscience et de religion.
\nArticle 19 \u2013 Droit d\u2019avoir des opinions sans ing\u00e9rence.
\nArticle 20 \u2013 La propagande en faveur de la guerre est interdite par la loi.
\nArticle 21 \u2013 Droit de r\u00e9union pacifique.
\nArticle 22 \u2013 Droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019association avec autrui.
\nArticle 23 \u2013 Droit de se marier.
\nArticle 24 \u2013 Droits
\nde l\u2019enfant Article 25 \u2013 Droit \u00e0 la participation politique.
\nArticle 26 \u2013 L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 devant la loi.
\nArticle 27 \u2013 Protection des minorit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

LIMITATIONS :<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019article 4 du PIDCP permet dans certaines circonstances que les \u00c9tats parties peuvent d\u00e9roger \u00e0 leurs responsabilit\u00e9s en vertu du Pacte, notamment en cas d\u2019urgence publique. Cependant, les \u00c9tats parties ne peuvent d\u00e9roger aux articles 6, 7, 8 (paragraphes I et 2), 11, 15, 16 et 18. <\/p>\n

PROTOCOLES OPTIONNELS :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Il existe deux protocoles optionnels au PIDCP qui offrent des protections suppl\u00e9mentaires des droits humains.<\/p>\n

Premier protocole optionnel :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ce protocole permet aux victimes pr\u00e9tendant \u00eatre victimes de violations des droits humains d\u2019\u00eatre entendues. Le Comit\u00e9 des droits de la personne (Comit\u00e9), \u00e9tabli par le Pacte, a la comp\u00e9tence de recevoir, d\u2019examiner et d\u2019entendre les communications des victimes. Le premier Protocole Optionnel est entr\u00e9 en vigueur avec le Covenant. Il y a actuellement 35 signataires et 115 parties \u00e0 ce protocole.
\n
\nDeuxi\u00e8me protocole optionnel :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ce protocole vise \u00e0 abolir la peine de mort. Elle est entr\u00e9e en vigueur le 11 juillet 1991 et compte actuellement 37 signataires et 81 parties. <\/p>\n

APPLICATION DE LA LOI<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019article 2(2) du PIDCP pr\u00e9voit que les \u00c9tats parties doivent prendre les \u00ab mesures n\u00e9cessaires… \u00bb adopter les lois ou autres mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour donner effet aux droits reconnus dans le pr\u00e9sent Pacte. \u00bb Les pays ayant ratifi\u00e9 la PIDCP doivent prendre des mesures dans leur propre juridiction pour reconna\u00eetre l\u2019acceptation de ce pacte international car, en \u00ab droit international, une signature ne lie g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas un \u00c9tat \u00bb. Le trait\u00e9 est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement soumis \u00e0 une ratification, une acceptation, une approbation ou une adh\u00e9sion futures. \u00bb Au Canada, le processus d\u2019adh\u00e9sion implique une s\u00e9rie d\u2019examens et de consultations par le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, suivis d\u2019une pr\u00e9sentation du trait\u00e9 au Parlement. <\/p>\n

En plus de l\u2019adoption formelle et de la reconnaissance officielle de la PIDCP par les \u00c9tats parties dans leur juridiction, l\u2019article 28 du PIDCP pr\u00e9voit la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un Comit\u00e9 des droits de l\u2019homme (Comit\u00e9) pour surveiller la mise en \u0153uvre du Pacte par les \u00c9tats parties. Les \u00c9tats parties doivent soumettre des rapports au Comit\u00e9 pour examen, sur les mesures utilis\u00e9es pour adopter et donner effet aux droits inscrits dans le PIDCP. <\/p>\n

Comme mentionn\u00e9 plus haut, le Premier Protocole facultatif permet aux victimes de violations des droits humains d\u2019\u00eatre entendues par le Comit\u00e9. Cependant, le PIDCP pr\u00e9voit \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019article 41 qu\u2019un \u00c9tat Partie qui affirme qu\u2019un autre \u00c9tat Partie ne remplit pas ses obligations de mise en \u0153uvre du PIDCP peut soumettre des observations \u00e9crites au Comit\u00e9 pour examen. De plus, les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) peuvent aussi participer \u00e0 la protection des valeurs pr\u00e9vues par le PIDCP en soumettant des \u00ab rapports fant\u00f4mes \u00bb et en mettant en lumi\u00e8re les domaines \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer par le Comit\u00e9. <\/p>\n

RESSOURCES :<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Publications\/FactSheet2Rev.1en.pdf<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.aclu.org\/faq-covenant-civil-political-rights-iccpr<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.who.int\/hhr\/Civil_political_rights.pdf<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.pch.gc.ca\/eng\/1367322970926\/1357323088069<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles (CCLA) contestera l\u2019injonction exceptionnellement large du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse limitant les manifestations dans la province. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[309],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-16335","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-surveillance-et-vie-privee"},"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9sum\u00e9 : Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP) - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9sum\u00e9 : Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP) - 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