{"id":15985,"date":"2020-11-20T03:15:25","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T08:15:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/non-classe\/les-amendes-liees-a-la-covid-19-risquent-daggraver-la-pandemie\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:38:00","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:38:00","slug":"les-amendes-liees-a-la-covid-19-risquent-daggraver-la-pandemie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/les-amendes-liees-a-la-covid-19-risquent-daggraver-la-pandemie\/","title":{"rendered":"Les amendes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la COVID-19 risquent d\u2019aggraver la pand\u00e9mie"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]20 novembre 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Publi\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019origine dans The Georgia Straight dat\u00e9 du 13 novembre 2020<\/p>\n

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Le 7 novembre, la Dre Bonnie Henry, agente de sant\u00e9 provinciale de la Colombie-Britannique, a tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse inhabituelle<\/a> pour annoncer un renforcement des restrictions face \u00e0 la hausse des infections \u00e0 la COVID-19. Mais, peut-\u00eatre de fa\u00e7on contre-intuitive pour certains, elle insistait sur le fait que les nouvelles r\u00e8gles n\u2019avaient pas besoin d\u2019\u00eatre accompagn\u00e9es d\u2019une application accrue. <\/p>\n

Elle a raison.<\/p>\n

La liste des recommandations non m\u00e9dicales pour freiner la propagation de la COVID-19 est devenue un mantra quotidien. Restez fid\u00e8le \u00e0 votre bulle \u2014 ou \u00e0 votre foyer imm\u00e9diat quand les choses empirent. Prends tes distances physiques avec les autres. Portez un masque quand ce n\u2019est pas possible. <\/p>\n

La raison pour laquelle ces conseils circulent sans cesse, c\u2019est qu\u2019il existe de plus en plus de preuves que ces actions ralentissent effectivement la propagation de la COVID-19.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Le seul outil de sant\u00e9 publique largement utilis\u00e9 au Canada, sans aucune preuve de son efficacit\u00e9? Amendes punitives. Beaucoup, beaucoup d\u2019amendes. <\/p>\n

Comme nous l\u2019avons \u00e9crit dans notre rapport de juin<\/a>, au cours des trois premiers mois de la pand\u00e9mie, les gouvernements canadiens ont impos\u00e9 plus de 13 millions de dollars en amendes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la COVID. Et, comme plusieurs d\u2019entre nous l\u2019ont expos\u00e9 dans un article r\u00e9cent<\/a>, il n\u2019est pas du tout clair que cela ait fait quoi que ce soit pour freiner la propagation de la COVID-19. <\/p>\n

La logique derri\u00e8re les amendes est simple : la dissuasion.<\/p>\n

On soutient que les amendes agissent au niveau individuel : les amendes rendent les gens moins susceptibles de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter le comportement qui a men\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019amende. Ils agissent aussi, th\u00e9oriquement, au niveau de la population : savoir que d\u2019autres personnes sont condamn\u00e9es \u00e0 une amende encourage les gens \u00e0 \u00e9viter le m\u00eame sort. <\/p>\n

Plus l\u2019amende est grande, plus la dissuasion est grande, ou du moins c\u2019est l\u2019id\u00e9e. D\u2019o\u00f9 la r\u00e9cente vantardise du premier ministre Doug Ford selon laquelle les nouvelles amendes de l\u2019Ontario seraient \u00ab les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es du pays<\/a> \u00bb. <\/p>\n

Il y a deux probl\u00e8mes avec cette logique. Premi\u00e8rement, il n\u2019existe aucune preuve convaincante pour appuyer l\u2019id\u00e9e que les gens peuvent \u00eatre sanctionn\u00e9s pour se conformer. Deuxi\u00e8mement, il existe de nombreuses preuves d\u00e9montrant que les amendes punitives nuisent aux objectifs de sant\u00e9 publique et causent plus de tort que de bien, surtout pour les populations marginalis\u00e9es. <\/p>\n

Avant que quelqu\u2019un puisse changer son comportement, il doit \u00eatre conscient que ce comportement est interdit. C\u2019est un probl\u00e8me, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral : la plupart des gens ne connaissent pas la loi. Mais la question est particuli\u00e8rement grave en ce qui concerne la COVID-19, o\u00f9 la fronti\u00e8re entre conseil et interdiction est floue, les ordonnances d\u2019urgence sont complexes et les r\u00e8glements juridiques \u00e9voluent rapidement. <\/p>\n

Comme nous l\u2019avons \u00e9crit dans notre rapport de juin, la plupart des Canadiens que nous avons entendus n\u2019ont re\u00e7u aucun avertissement et ne savaient pas qu\u2019ils violaient les ordres d\u2019urgence avant d\u2019avoir re\u00e7u une contravention.<\/p>\n

Mais m\u00eame si les gens connaissent les r\u00e8gles, il n\u2019est toujours pas certain que cette connaissance aura un impact sur le comportement. Comme indiqu\u00e9 dans notre rapport r\u00e9cent, les preuves concernant l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des amendes sont in\u00e9gales et incoh\u00e9rentes. Bien qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019une sanction courante, les amendes sont peu \u00e9tudi\u00e9es. Les rares recherches men\u00e9es sont non concluantes : certaines \u00e9tudes trouvent qu\u2019elles ont un effet dissuasif, d\u2019autres n\u2019en trouvent aucun, peu importe la taille de l\u2019amende. <\/p>\n

Et \u00e0 notre connaissance, il n\u2019y a jamais eu d\u2019\u00e9tude scientifique sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des amendes pour endiguer une maladie transmissible.<\/p>\n

Les impacts n\u00e9fastes de l\u2019utilisation de mesures punitives sont toutefois bien document\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Il est bien \u00e9tabli que les personnes pauvres, noires et autochtones au Canada sont harcel\u00e9es, sanctionn\u00e9es, criminalis\u00e9es et tu\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on disproportionn\u00e9e par la police. Nous ne devrions pas nous attendre \u00e0 ce que les sch\u00e9mas d\u2019application de la loi entourant la COVID-19 soient diff\u00e9rents. Ceux qui peinent d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 payer leur loyer, trouver un emploi ou acheter de l\u2019\u00e9picerie \u2014 des enjeux qui touchent de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e les communaut\u00e9s racialis\u00e9es \u2014 sont doublement punis par des amendes. <\/p>\n

Et \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de nos efforts plus larges en sant\u00e9 publique, il est clair que les amendes et l\u2019application punitive risquent de miner une r\u00e9ponse efficace en sant\u00e9 publique plut\u00f4t que de la renforcer. Les efforts de sant\u00e9 publique tels que les d\u00e9pistages, l\u2019auto-isolement efficace et la recherche des contacts reposent fortement sur la coop\u00e9ration publique, la confiance envers le gouvernement et des soutiens cibl\u00e9s. Les amendes punitives poussent les gens \u00e0 cacher leur comportement pass\u00e9 imprudent plut\u00f4t que de les divulguer afin que la sant\u00e9 publique puisse att\u00e9nuer les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts. Ils simplifient \u00e0 l\u2019exc\u00e8s un probl\u00e8me complexe et vont \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la rh\u00e9torique gouvernementale de solidarit\u00e9, d\u2019empathie et de soutien, minant finalement les objectifs de sant\u00e9 publique. <\/p>\n

Les efforts de sant\u00e9 publique doivent \u00eatre ax\u00e9s sur des approches claires, fond\u00e9es sur des donn\u00e9es probantes et \u00e9quilibr\u00e9es, sensibles aux besoins des gens.<\/p>\n

Si les gouvernements qui se concentrent sur les amendes et la police comme solution veulent vraiment \u00ab suivre la science \u00bb, alors c\u2019est le moment de faire marche arri\u00e8re. Les blitzes de contraventions et les amendes \u00e9crasantes, aussi simples et conceptuellement attrayantes soient-elles, sont beaucoup plus susceptibles d\u2019aggraver la crise actuelle que de la r\u00e9soudre. <\/p>\n

Abby Deshman est directrice de la justice criminelle \u00e0 l\u2019Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 7 novembre, la Dre Bonnie Henry, agente de sant\u00e9 provinciale de la Colombie-Britannique, a tenu une conf\u00e9rence de presse inhabituelle pour annoncer un renforcement des restrictions face \u00e0 la hausse des infections \u00e0 la COVID-19. 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