{"id":15979,"date":"2020-11-20T03:05:09","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T08:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/non-classe\/une-victoire-pour-la-justice-et-legalite-la-scc-conclut-que-la-loi-ontarienne-discrimine-en-raison-dun-handicap-mental\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:37:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:37:51","slug":"une-victoire-pour-la-justice-et-legalite-la-scc-conclut-que-la-loi-ontarienne-discrimine-en-raison-dun-handicap-mental","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/une-victoire-pour-la-justice-et-legalite-la-scc-conclut-que-la-loi-ontarienne-discrimine-en-raison-dun-handicap-mental\/","title":{"rendered":"Une victoire pour la justice et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 : la SCC conclut que la loi ontarienne discrimine en raison d\u2019un handicap mental"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]20 novembre 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans un <\/span>fort<\/span> <\/span>d\u00e9cision rendue aujourd\u2019hui, la <\/span>Cour supr\u00eame du Canada <\/span>a <\/span>statu\u00e9 que le r\u00e9gime d\u2019enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels de l\u2019Ontario <\/span>discrimine les<\/span>individus atteints de maladie mentale. Le<\/span> r\u00e9gime a \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span>annul\u00e9 par la Cour unanime<\/span> au motif qu\u2019il viole la <\/span> garantie d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 de la Charte <\/span>d\u2019une mani\u00e8re qui n\u2019est ni raisonnable ni justifi\u00e9e<\/span>. C\u2019est une victoire pour des droits d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 significatifs pour les personnes <\/span> vivre avec une <\/span>maladie<\/span> mentale et <\/span>affirme le <\/span>principe fondamental selon lequel la loi ne devrait pas punir les personnes qui ne sont pas moralement responsables de leurs actes. <\/span>L\u2019affaire <\/span>aborde<\/span> des enjeux importants sur la mani\u00e8re dont notre droit p\u00e9nal aborde les questions de responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale<\/span> et de maladie mentale<\/span>. <\/span> <\/p>\n

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Contexte<\/span> <\/u><\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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En 1991, le Parlement canadien a r\u00e9form\u00e9 le <\/span>Code criminel <\/span>afin de reconna\u00eetre les besoins et circonstances uniques des personnes qui commettent des infractions criminelles \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un trouble mental. <\/span>La loi a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9tention ind\u00e9finie par un traitement et a \u00e9tabli un syst\u00e8me de commissions provinciales d\u2019experts pour examiner la disposition appropri\u00e9e d\u2019un<\/span> accus\u00e9 non criminellement responsable (NCR<\/span>), y compris s\u2019il pouvait et quand il pouvait \u00eatre \u00ab absolument lib\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00bb et ne relevait plus de la comp\u00e9tence du droit criminel. L\u2019approche reconna\u00eet que ceux qui commettent des infractions \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une maladie mentale ne sont pas moralement coupables et que leur besoin de traitement doit jouer un r\u00f4le important dans toute d\u00e9cision qui affecte leur libert\u00e9.<\/span> Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, le gouvernement de l\u2019Ontario a adopt\u00e9 sa loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels (<\/span>Loi Christopher) <\/span>et le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a suivi en 2004. Ces deux lois exigent l\u2019enregistrement des personnes ayant commis certaines infractions sexuelles, peu importe qu\u2019elles aient \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnues coupables apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnues coupables ou non p\u00e9nalement responsables.<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Dans <\/span>G. c. Ontario (Procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral), <\/span>la Cour d\u2019appel de l\u2019Ontario <\/span>a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que les r\u00e9gimes f\u00e9d\u00e9raux et provinciaux violaient les droits constitutionnels des accus\u00e9s de la RNC qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 absolument lib\u00e9r\u00e9s par la Commission d\u2019examen de l\u2019Ontario. <\/span>Les preuves devant la Cour ont montr\u00e9 que, lorsqu\u2019une personne a statu\u00e9 <\/span>coupable <\/span>d\u2019une infraction sexuelle comporte plusieurs \u00ab rampes de sortie \u00bb pour \u00e9viter l\u2019enregistrement <\/span>en tant que d\u00e9linquant sexuel <\/span>ou <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>Sors du registre<\/span> Apr\u00e8s un certain temps<\/span>, c\u2019est beaucoup plus difficile <\/span>(et parfois impossible) <\/span>pour un accus\u00e9 de la NCR de le faire<\/span>. L\u2019absence de similarit\u00e9s <\/span>les \u00ab rampes de sortie \u00bb <\/span>violaient la garantie d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 <\/span>de la Charte<\/span>.<\/span> En fait, les accus\u00e9s de la NCR \u00e9taient<\/span>trait\u00e9s plus durement que les contrevenants condamn\u00e9s. <\/span>Bien que le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral ait choisi de ne pas faire appel de la d\u00e9cision, le gouvernement de l\u2019Ontario a port\u00e9 la constitutionnalit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me provincial d\u2019enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels devant la Cour supr\u00eame. <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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D\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame<\/u><\/span> <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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La d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame confirme que <\/span>la loi Christopher <\/span>discrimine les individus en raison d\u2019un handicap mental. <\/span>Comme le dit la majorit\u00e9 : <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab La loi elle-m\u00eame invoque des opinions pr\u00e9judiciables et st\u00e9r\u00e9otyp\u00e9es sur les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux, alimentant une stigmatisation nuisible; et la loi place les personnes retrouv\u00e9es au NCRMD dans une <\/span>position plus<\/span>\u00e9lev\u00e9e que celles reconnues coupables. Les deux effets perp\u00e9tuent le d\u00e9savantage historique et de fin<\/span>des d\u00e9savantages v\u00e9cus par les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux. \u00bb (par. 67)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La Cour a \u00e9galement <\/span>conclu que la violation de la garantie d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 n\u2019\u00e9tait ni raisonnable ni justifi\u00e9e<\/span> \u2013 la loi ne portait pas minimement atteinte aux droits \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9. <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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En plus d\u2019avancer des arguments selon lesquels le r\u00e9gime d\u2019enregistrement violait la garantie d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, la CCLA avait \u00e9galement soutenu qu\u2019il y avait une violation de la <\/span> protection de la vie, de la libert\u00e9 et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne \u00e0 l\u2019article 7 de la <\/span>Charte. La Cour a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 qu\u2019elle n\u2019\u00e9tait pas n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019aborder cette question, mais a laiss\u00e9 la porte ouverte \u00e0 de futurs contestations<\/span> et a reconnu que la jurisprudence ontarienne affirmant que l\u2019inclusion dans un registre n\u2019est qu\u2019une intrusion \u00ab modeste \u00bb dans la libert\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> contest\u00e9e. <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La d\u00e9cision de la Cour est partag\u00e9e sur la question du recours. La majorit\u00e9 a convenu avec la Cour d\u2019appel que le r\u00e9gime d\u2019enregistrement, tel qu\u2019il s\u2019applique aux accus\u00e9s de la NCR qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 absolument lib\u00e9r\u00e9s, est<\/span> invalide. La Cour a accept\u00e9 que la <\/span>d\u00e9claration d\u2019invalidit\u00e9 <\/span>puisse \u00eatre suspendue pour une p\u00e9riode de 12 mois afin de permettre \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative de l\u2019Ontario de s\u2019attaquer aux questions. <\/span> La personne au c\u0153ur de l\u2019affaire \u2013 G \u2013 avait droit \u00e0 un recours imm\u00e9diat en cas de retrait du registre. <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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En plus de la d\u00e9cision majoritaire, il y a un jugement concordant et un jugement dissident en partie. Ces d\u00e9cisions montrent des divisions int\u00e9ressantes au sein de la Cour en ce qui concerne les recours aux violations de la Constitution<\/span> et pourraient \u00eatre importantes dans de futures <\/span> affaires relevant de la <\/span>Charte. <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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