{"id":15799,"date":"2019-05-10T18:33:42","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T22:33:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/non-classe\/dans-la-lutte-pour-la-liberte-dexpression-ou-se-situe-facebook\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:37:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:37:11","slug":"dans-la-lutte-pour-la-liberte-dexpression-ou-se-situe-facebook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/dans-la-lutte-pour-la-liberte-dexpression-ou-se-situe-facebook\/","title":{"rendered":"Dans la lutte pour la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, o\u00f9 se situe Facebook?"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]En tant qu\u2019organisation fortement engag\u00e9e envers la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, la CCLA s\u2019est traditionnellement concentr\u00e9e sur les interdictions et restrictions \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression mises en place par le gouvernement ou les institutions d\u2019\u00c9tat. Nous avons contest\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tendue des lois sur les discours haineux et la pornographie juv\u00e9nile, plaid\u00e9 pour des modifications de la loi sur la diffamation afin de favoriser la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, et soutenu des lois pour rendre plus difficile l\u2019utilisation de nos tribunaux pour \u00e9touffer la participation publique. <\/p>\n

Mais le paysage pertinent pour prot\u00e9ger la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression a chang\u00e9 radicalement depuis la cr\u00e9ation de la CCLA dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Aujourd\u2019hui, les Canadiens ne vivent plus seulement au Canada \u2013 ils vivent de plus en plus dans des espaces en ligne gouvern\u00e9s par des entreprises priv\u00e9es (et mondiales) d\u00e9tenant un pouvoir \u00e9norme. Bien que ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s soient tenues de respecter la loi locale, elles ne sont pas li\u00e9es par la m\u00eame Charte des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/em> qui exige que les gouvernements limitent nos droits uniquement dans la mesure o\u00f9 ces limites sont raisonnables et peuvent \u00eatre justifi\u00e9es. Facebook d\u00e9veloppe ses propres normes communautaires et peut ensuite les appliquer sur sa plateforme, et les modifier si et quand il le juge appropri\u00e9. Il n\u2019y a aucun frein, aucun contrepoids, aucune s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs. Mais devrait-ce le faire? Devrait-on commencer \u00e0 traiter Facebook davantage comme un gouvernement? Est-ce qu\u2019elle se d\u00e9place elle-m\u00eame dans cette direction? <\/p>\n

Que vous pensiez que ce que fait Facebook soit mieux qualifi\u00e9 de mod\u00e9ration de contenu ou simplement de censure, il est clair que ce g\u00e9ant des r\u00e9seaux sociaux est d\u00e9j\u00e0 profond\u00e9ment engag\u00e9 dans la d\u00e9cision du type de contenu expressif qui a sa place sur sa plateforme, et lequel ne l\u2019a clairement pas. En fait, cela signifie que Facebook a un grand pouvoir sur l\u2019expression en ligne \u2013 point final. Plus de 2 milliards de personnes utilisent la plateforme \u00e0 travers le monde, et pour certains, il n\u2019y a pas de distinction significative entre Internet et Facebook. Reconnaissant l\u2019immense pouvoir que l\u2019entreprise exerce sur le contenu en ligne, elle a propos\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un \u00ab conseil de surveillance \u00bb de Facebook<\/a> charg\u00e9 de prendre des d\u00e9cisions difficiles sur le contenu. J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 participer \u00e0 une table ronde canadienne organis\u00e9e par l\u2019entreprise pour discuter de cette proposition. Ils participent \u00e0 ces discussions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, recueillent des commentaires du public lors d\u2019un processus de consultation<\/a>, et pr\u00e9voient que le conseil soit \u00ab op\u00e9rationnel \u00bb d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. <\/p>\n

L\u2019id\u00e9e derri\u00e8re un conseil de surveillance est que les d\u00e9cisions de contenu les plus complexes ne seraient pas laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise, mais plut\u00f4t \u00e0 une d\u00e9cision prise par un organisme \u00ab ind\u00e9pendant \u00bb par lequel Facebook accepte d\u2019\u00eatre \u00ab li\u00e9 \u00bb. Je fais preuve de g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 dans l\u2019utilisation des guillemets parce que les d\u00e9tails autour de la proposition sont encore tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9liminaires. Il y a de nombreuses questions difficiles \u00e0 aborder : comment le conseil serait constitu\u00e9; comment il d\u00e9ciderait quelles \u00ab affaires \u00bb \u00ab entendre \u00bb; \u00e0 quoi ressemblerait une \u00ab audience \u00bb; le processus serait-il conflictuel ou inquisitorial; comment l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un tel conseil sert-elle les int\u00e9r\u00eats de Facebook; Comment sert-il ceux de ses utilisateurs? Ce sont toutes des questions complexes sans r\u00e9ponses faciles. S\u2019il y a une chose que vous pouvez dire \u00e0 propos de la proposition d\u2019\u00e9tablir un conseil de surveillance : elle est ambitieuse. <\/p>\n

J\u2019admets que je n\u2019ai pas encore conclu si un conseil de surveillance pour Facebook serait un d\u00e9veloppement bienvenu. Une partie de moi se demande si les normes mondiales de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression sont m\u00eame r\u00e9alisables, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 \u00e0 quel point l\u2019expression est enracin\u00e9e dans le contexte local et les cultures \u2013 surtout en ligne. N\u00e9anmoins, je pense qu\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter de nouvelles structures de gouvernance pourrait, au minimum, cr\u00e9er une discussion mondiale sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression : ce qu\u2019elle signifie, ses limites et comment elle peut \u00eatre encourag\u00e9e. La CCLA sera certainement impliqu\u00e9e dans cette discussion, et si tu tiens \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, tu devrais l\u2019\u00eatre aussi.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En tant qu\u2019organisation fortement engag\u00e9e envers la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, la CCLA s\u2019est traditionnellement concentr\u00e9e sur les interdictions et restrictions \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression mises en place par le gouvernement ou les institutions d\u2019\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":15800,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[310,273,360],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15799","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-liberte-dexpression","8":"category-libertes-fondamentales","9":"category-regulation-de-lexpression-en-ligne"},"yoast_head":"\nDans la lutte pour la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, o\u00f9 se situe Facebook? - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dans la lutte pour la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, o\u00f9 se situe Facebook? 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