{"id":15460,"date":"2018-04-11T21:50:17","date_gmt":"2018-04-12T01:50:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/non-classe\/la-loi-sur-la-non-discrimination-genetique-un-apercu\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:35:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:35:57","slug":"la-loi-sur-la-non-discrimination-genetique-un-apercu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/informez-vous\/droits-de-discussion\/la-loi-sur-la-non-discrimination-genetique-un-apercu\/","title":{"rendered":"La Loi sur la non-discrimination g\u00e9n\u00e9tique : un aper\u00e7u"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]Parce que la section Learn de TalkRights pr\u00e9sente du contenu produit par des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles de la CCLA et des entrevues avec des experts dans leurs propres mots, les opinions exprim\u00e9es ici ne repr\u00e9sentent pas n\u00e9cessairement les politiques ou positions propres \u00e0 la CCLA. Pour des publications officielles, des rapports cl\u00e9s, des documents de position, de la documentation juridique et des nouvelles \u00e0 jour sur le travail de la CCLA, consultez la section In Focus de notre site web.<\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n

La Loi sur la non-discrimination g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/a> (GNDA), ou projet de loi S-201, a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e le 4mai<\/sup> 2017. Le projet de loi, ainsi que les amendements au Code canadien du travail<\/a> et \u00e0 la Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne<\/a>, interdit aux entreprises et aux employeurs d\u2019exiger des tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ou les r\u00e9sultats de ces tests. Cela emp\u00eache aussi les entreprises de refuser des services en fonction des r\u00e9sultats des tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques. <\/p>\n

Le test g\u00e9n\u00e9tique d\u00e9signe le processus d\u2019analyse des g\u00e8nes d\u2019une personne pour identifier des traits ou marqueurs sp\u00e9cifiques, commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9s \u00ab caract\u00e9ristiques g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques \u00bb. [1]<\/a> Ces caract\u00e9ristiques peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es pour identifier les origines ancestrales d\u2019une personne, si deux personnes sont apparent\u00e9es, ou pour relier des suspects \u00e0 des crimes. [2]<\/a> Surtout, ces tests peuvent servir \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter si une personne est pr\u00e9dispos\u00e9e \u00e0 une condition m\u00e9dicale qui pourrait se manifester plus tard dans la vie. [3]<\/a> Ces tests pourraient \u00eatre essentiels pour assurer une intervention pr\u00e9coce, pr\u00e9venir ou att\u00e9nuer l\u2019apparition d\u2019une condition m\u00e9dicale. Bien que les tests m\u00e9dicaux actuels ne puissent pr\u00e9dire avec pr\u00e9cision que la probabilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper quelques conditions m\u00e9dicales, la science s\u2019am\u00e9liore. [4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sans l\u00e9gislation, les r\u00e9sultats des tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques pourraient limiter la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une personne \u00e0 recevoir une assurance vie ou invalidit\u00e9. Cela pourrait aussi augmenter consid\u00e9rablement les primes d\u2019assurance pour ceux dont les tests r\u00e9v\u00e8lent un risque de d\u00e9velopper des conditions m\u00e9dicales graves. <\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

LORSQUE LA LOI S\u2019APPLIQUE<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

La Loi interdit \u00e0 toutes les personnes et entreprises d\u2019exiger les r\u00e9sultats de tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques lors de la prestation de services ou de biens, de la conclusion d\u2019ententes contractuelles ou de l\u2019offre de conditions ou modalit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques dans un contrat. De plus, la Loi interdit de refuser des services aux personnes lorsqu\u2019elles refusent de passer des tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et interdit la collecte, l\u2019utilisation et la divulgation des r\u00e9sultats des tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques d\u2019une personne sans son consentement \u00e9crit. [5]<\/a><\/p>\n

En cas de condamnation d\u2019une infraction passible d\u2019acte d\u2019accusation, un coupable peut \u00eatre condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 une amende allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 un million de dollars et \u00e0 une peine de prison pouvant aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 cinq ans. S\u2019il est reconnu coupable sur une condamnation sommaire, ce comportement est passible d\u2019amendes allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 trois mille dollars et d\u2019un an maximum d\u2019emprisonnement. [6]<\/a><\/p>\n

La Loi ne s\u2019applique pas aux m\u00e9decins, pharmaciens ou autres professionnels de la sant\u00e9 qui fournissent des services de sant\u00e9. Elle ne s\u2019applique pas non plus aux chercheurs pharmaceutiques ou scientifiques agissant dans le cadre de leurs \u00e9tudes. [7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Cette loi rend ill\u00e9gal pour les assureurs d\u2019exiger les r\u00e9sultats des tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques. Cependant, l\u2019Association canadienne d\u2019assurance vie et sant\u00e9 dispose actuellement d\u2019un code volontaire stipulant que les assureurs n\u2019exigeront pas de tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, mais que les r\u00e9sultats des tests ant\u00e9rieurs devraient \u00eatre divulgu\u00e9s si la police d\u2019assurance d\u00e9passe 250 000 $. Environ 15% des Canadiens ont des polices d\u2019assurance sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 ce montant. [8]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

O\u00d9 D\u00c9POSER DES PLAINTES<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Les amendements au Code des droits de la personne et au Code canadien du travail interdisent les pratiques discriminatoires fond\u00e9es sur les r\u00e9sultats des tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques dans le secteur f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et les industries r\u00e9glement\u00e9es au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Cela inclut les minist\u00e8res et agences du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u2019\u00c9tat et d\u2019autres entreprises r\u00e9glement\u00e9es au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Les amendements interdisent \u00e0 ces institutions de refuser un bien, un service, un accommodement ou une adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 une organisation sur la base des r\u00e9sultats de tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques d\u2019un individu ou de son refus de se soumettre \u00e0 des tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques. [9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Si un employeur enfreint la Loi, l\u2019employ\u00e9 peut r\u00e9diger une plainte dans une lettre adress\u00e9e au registraire du Bureau des relations industrielles du Canada<\/a>. La lettre doit contenir toutes les informations pertinentes concernant la plainte et doit \u00eatre sign\u00e9e par l\u2019employ\u00e9. La lettre doit contenir les noms, adresses ainsi que les num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone et de t\u00e9l\u00e9copieur des personnes impliqu\u00e9es, les dispositions du Code concern\u00e9es, la date de l\u2019incident all\u00e9gu\u00e9, une d\u00e9claration compl\u00e8te des faits et le recours demand\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Une personne qui estime que ses droits ont \u00e9t\u00e9 viol\u00e9s en vertu de la Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne, qui s\u2019applique \u00e0 toutes les institutions f\u00e9d\u00e9rales et f\u00e9d\u00e9rales r\u00e9glement\u00e9es, peut porter plainte aupr\u00e8s de la Commission canadienne des droits de la personne<\/a>. La Commission tentera alors de n\u00e9gocier le diff\u00e9rend. Si la m\u00e9diation \u00e9choue, la plainte peut \u00eatre port\u00e9e devant le Tribunal canadien des droits de la personne pour jugement. [10]<\/a>. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NOTES DE BAS DE PAGE :<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

[1]<\/a> Canada, Division des affaires juridiques et sociales, Service d\u2019information et de recherche parlementaire, \u00ab R\u00e9sum\u00e9 l\u00e9gislatif du projet de loi S-201 : Loi visant \u00e0 interdire et pr\u00e9venir la discrimination g\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00bb, par Julian Walker, publication no 41-1-S201-E (Ottawa : Biblioth\u00e8que du Parlement, 6 d\u00e9cembre 2016), en ligne : http:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2017\/bdp-lop\/ls\/YM32-3-421-S201-eng.pdf.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Projet de loi S-201, Loi sur la non-discrimination g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, <\/em>1re session, 42 Parlement, cl. 3-4<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Projet de loi S-201, supra,<\/em> Cl 7.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Ibid, <\/em>Cl 6.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Glasgow, Donna, Loi sur la non-discrimination g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre en vigueur, <\/em>(The Insurance and Investment Journal, 5 mai 2017), en ligne : https:\/\/insurance-journal.ca\/article\/genetic-non-discrimination-act-comes-into-force\/.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Canada, Division des affaires juridiques et sociales, supra<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles (CCLA) contestera l\u2019injonction exceptionnellement large du gouvernement de la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse limitant les manifestations dans la province.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":15462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[401,377],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15460","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-affaires-et-lois","8":"category-droits-de-discussion"},"yoast_head":"\nLa Loi sur la non-discrimination g\u00e9n\u00e9tique : un aper\u00e7u - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Loi sur la non-discrimination g\u00e9n\u00e9tique : un aper\u00e7u - 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