{"id":14823,"date":"2022-05-16T21:39:22","date_gmt":"2022-05-17T01:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/non-classe\/fouilles-telephoniques-a-la-frontiere-le-projet-de-loi-s-7-ne-protege-pas-la-vie-privee\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:32:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:32:21","slug":"fouilles-telephoniques-a-la-frontiere-le-projet-de-loi-s-7-ne-protege-pas-la-vie-privee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/vie-privee\/fouilles-telephoniques-a-la-frontiere-le-projet-de-loi-s-7-ne-protege-pas-la-vie-privee\/","title":{"rendered":"Fouilles t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re : le projet de loi S-7 ne prot\u00e8ge pas la vie priv\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"

MISE \u00c0 JOUR – 16 juin 2022<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9ponse aux soumissions de la CCLA<\/a> et de nombreux autres devant le Comit\u00e9 permanent du S\u00e9nat sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et la d\u00e9fense, les s\u00e9nateurs \u00e9tudiant le projet de loi ont vot\u00e9 pour remplacer la nouvelle<\/a> norme vivement critiqu\u00e9e de \u00ab pr\u00e9occupation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale raisonnable \u00bb par le seuil l\u00e9galement reconnu et plus strict de \u00ab motifs raisonnables de soup\u00e7onner \u00bb pour les fouilles d\u2019appareils \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est une excellente avanc\u00e9e vers une meilleure protection de la vie priv\u00e9e et, en m\u00eame temps, une meilleure protection contre les fouilles discriminatoires qui, selon la nouvelle norme initialement propos\u00e9e, pourraient \u00eatre men\u00e9es essentiellement sur la base de ce que nous avons qualifi\u00e9 de \u00ab test d\u2019odeur \u00bb plut\u00f4t qu\u2019une norme. <\/p>\n

Nous continuerons de suivre ce projet de loi au fur et \u00e0 mesure qu\u2019il avance au S\u00e9nat et au Parlement.
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Le projet de loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu n\u00e9cessaire par un jugement cl\u00e9 de la Cour d\u2019appel de l\u2019Alberta. En 2020, la d\u00e9cision dans R. c. Canfield<\/a> a statu\u00e9 que l\u2019examen du contenu d\u2019un appareil num\u00e9rique personnel (par exemple, un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone cellulaire ou un ordinateur portable) en vertu de la Loi sur les douanes est inconstitutionnel, car la section pertinente de la l\u00e9gislation n\u2019impose aucune limite \u00e0 la fouille des appareils. La Cour a suspendu la d\u00e9claration d\u2019invalidit\u00e9 pendant un an afin de donner au Parlement le temps de modifier la l\u00e9gislation et d\u2019introduire un seuil. <\/p>\n

C\u2019est un moment important pour am\u00e9liorer la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re. Les tribunaux canadiens ont \u00e9tabli que les gens ont de tr\u00e8s forts int\u00e9r\u00eats en mati\u00e8re de vie priv\u00e9e dans leurs appareils num\u00e9riques personnels. En fait, la Cour supr\u00eame a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019il est difficile d\u2019imaginer une invasion plus intrusive de la vie priv\u00e9e que de fouiller l\u2019ordinateur personnel de quelqu\u2019un. La CCLA soutient depuis longtemps que la Loi sur les douanes doit \u00eatre modifi\u00e9e afin de prot\u00e9ger les droits \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e des voyageurs en emp\u00eachant les fouilles d\u00e9consid\u00e9r\u00e9es des appareils num\u00e9riques personnels des personnes. Malheureusement, le projet de loi S-7, tel qu\u2019il est r\u00e9dig\u00e9, ne fait pas cela. <\/p>\n

Le seuil tr\u00e8s bas (et juridiquement nouveau) de \u00ab pr\u00e9occupation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale raisonnable \u00bb pour les agents frontaliers pour effectuer une fouille de l\u2019appareil \u00e9lectronique personnel d\u2019un voyageur ne prot\u00e8ge pas ad\u00e9quatement la vie priv\u00e9e des voyageurs. C\u2019est dommage qu\u2019apr\u00e8s avoir attendu bien au-del\u00e0 du d\u00e9lai d\u2019un an impos\u00e9 par la Cour pour ce projet de loi, le seuil propos\u00e9 ne soit pas la cible. En effet, le seuil de \u00ab pr\u00e9occupation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale raisonnable \u00bb est un test d\u2019observation, pas une norme. Elle n\u2019est utilis\u00e9e nulle part ailleurs dans la l\u00e9gislation (ni dans aucune autre l\u00e9gislation que nous avons identifi\u00e9e jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent). Instaurer une norme aussi basse ne prot\u00e8ge pas seulement la vie priv\u00e9e individuelle, mais n\u2019offre pas non plus de protections contre le profilage racial et religieux qui pourrait d\u00e9couler de la discr\u00e9tion excessive qu\u2019une telle norme minimaliste offre, et pourrait m\u00eame aggraver ce profilage. <\/p>\n

La CCLA estime qu\u2019un seuil minimum de \u00ab motifs raisonnables de soup\u00e7onner \u00bb est requis pour prot\u00e9ger les voyageurs. Cette position est conforme aux recommandations du rapport du Comit\u00e9 permanent de la Chambre des communes sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information, la vie priv\u00e9e et l\u2019\u00e9thique sur \u00ab Prot\u00e9ger la vie priv\u00e9e des Canadiens \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine<\/a> \u00bb en 2017. Alternativement, une norme de \u00ab motifs raisonnables de croire \u00bb qui appara\u00eet ailleurs dans les lois serait une option acceptable. Ces normes sont individualis\u00e9es, non g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, et offriraient donc des protections de vie priv\u00e9e plus robustes contre les fouilles d\u00e9raisonnables d\u2019appareils \u00e9lectroniques personnels \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re. L\u2019un ou l\u2019autre offrirait aussi une meilleure protection contre le profilage racial et religieux. <\/p>\n

Il y a aussi d\u2019autres lacunes dans le projet de loi, et nous pr\u00e9parerons des soumissions d\u00e9taill\u00e9es pour le Comit\u00e9 afin d\u2019identifier tous nos domaines de pr\u00e9occupation et de formuler des recommandations pour y rem\u00e9dier.<\/p>\n

La CCLA se r\u00e9jouit de participer aux d\u00e9bats publics et l\u00e9gislatifs sur le projet de loi S-7 et de d\u00e9fendre les droits des voyageurs \u00e0 nos fronti\u00e8res.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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