{"id":14412,"date":"2023-05-23T11:48:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-23T15:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/non-classe\/slapps-discours-et-defense-de-legalite\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:20:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:20:21","slug":"slapps-discours-et-defense-de-legalite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/slapps-discours-et-defense-de-legalite\/","title":{"rendered":"SLAPPs, discours et d\u00e9fense de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Si vous \u00e9tiez menac\u00e9 d\u2019un proc\u00e8s co\u00fbteux en diffamation, cela vous emp\u00eacherait-il de vous exprimer sur des enjeux qui vous tiennent \u00e0 c\u0153ur?<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la CCLA, nous croyons que la loi sur la diffamation ne devrait pas \u00eatre autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 d\u00e9courager les gens de participer \u00e0 la discussion et au d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratiques. C\u2019est le message que nous avons transmis \u00e0 la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada le 11 octobre 2022, dans l\u2019appel Hansman c. Neufeld <\/em>. Nous sommes heureux de voir que la d\u00e9cision majoritaire de la Cour est d\u2019accord sur l\u2019importance de prot\u00e9ger le d\u00e9bat public et la libre expression des id\u00e9es. La d\u00e9cision interpr\u00e8te et applique la loi sur la diffamation de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 \u00e9quilibrer ad\u00e9quatement la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats r\u00e9putationnels avec la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de promouvoir et de prot\u00e9ger la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression sur des questions d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public. <\/p>\n

L\u2019appel d\u00e9coule d\u2019un d\u00e9bat en Colombie-Britannique au sujet de SOGI 123, un ensemble de ressources destin\u00e9 aux enseignants destin\u00e9 \u00e0 initier les \u00e9l\u00e8ves aux questions d\u2019orientation sexuelle et d\u2019identit\u00e9 de genre de mani\u00e8re adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 leur \u00e2ge. Barry Neufeld, un administrateur \u00e9lu du conseil scolaire de Chilliwack, a publi\u00e9 un message sur Facebook attaquant SOGI 123 pour avoir promu ce qu\u2019il consid\u00e8re comme une \u00ab id\u00e9ologie de genre \u00bb inappropri\u00e9e. En retour, Glen Hansman \u2013 alors pr\u00e9sident de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des enseignants de la Colombie-Britannique \u2013 s\u2019est exprim\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9dias, d\u00e9non\u00e7ant la publication Facebook. Il a soutenu que les propos de Neufeld \u00e9taient discriminatoires et favoriseraient un environnement d\u2019apprentissage dangereux pour les \u00e9l\u00e8ves 2SLGBTQI+. Sur la base de ces commentaires publics, Neufeld a poursuivi Hansman pour diffamation. <\/p>\n

L\u2019appel devant la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada a examin\u00e9 la Loi sur la protection de la participation publique<\/em><\/a> de la Colombie-Britannique, qui en 2019 a introduit des modifications au droit de proc\u00e9dure civile visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger le d\u00e9bat ouvert sur les questions d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public. La loi vise \u00e0 \u00e9carter les \u00ab poursuites strat\u00e9giques contre la participation du public \u00bb (aussi appel\u00e9es SLAPP) \u2013 des poursuites qui peuvent avoir peu de fondement, mais qui ont pour effet de mettre fin au d\u00e9bat sur des questions d\u2019importance publique. Malgr\u00e9 la PPPA<\/em> et des lois similaires en Ontario et au Qu\u00e9bec, certains Canadiens se retrouvent entra\u00een\u00e9s dans de longues batailles juridiques co\u00fbteuses en raison de leur participation aux d\u00e9bats publics. La menace d\u2019une poursuite en diffamation peut souvent \u00ab refroidir \u00bb l\u2019expression et d\u00e9courager les gens de s\u2019exprimer sur des enjeux importants. Dans cette affaire, la poursuite de M. Neufeld contre M. Hansman a d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9e par la BC <\/p>\n

Cour supr\u00eame, mais cette d\u00e9cision a \u00e9t\u00e9 renvers\u00e9e par la Cour d\u2019appel de la Colombie-Britannique. La Cour supr\u00eame, dans une d\u00e9cision de 6 contre 1, a r\u00e9tabli la d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame de la Colombie-Britannique et rejet\u00e9 la r\u00e9clamation de M. Neufeld. <\/p>\n

Dans notre intervention, la CCLA s\u2019est concentr\u00e9e sur la d\u00e9fense du \u00ab commentaire \u00e9quitable \u00bb, une doctrine juridique qui prot\u00e8ge notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 exprimer des opinions \u2013 que ce soit en laissant un avis n\u00e9gatif sur Yelp ou en critiquant des politiciens. Les d\u00e9bats publics peuvent parfois \u00eatre enflamm\u00e9s, impolis, voire caustiques. Pourtant, nous croyons, pour citer la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada, \u00ab la controverse publique peut \u00eatre un \u00e9change difficile, et la loi doit s\u2019adapter \u00e0 ses exigences. \u00bb Bien que la d\u00e9cision majoritaire ne modifie pas la d\u00e9fense du commentaire \u00e9quitable comme nous l\u2019avions propos\u00e9, elle reconna\u00eet clairement et explicitement que les all\u00e9gations de racisme, d\u2019homophobie et d\u2019autres formes de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s sont le plus justement qualifi\u00e9es de commentaire et non de fait. Par cons\u00e9quent, fonder une plainte pour diffamation uniquement sur ce type d\u2019all\u00e9gations aboutira probablement \u00e0 une d\u00e9fense de commentaire \u00e9quitable r\u00e9ussie. Dans les circonstances de cette affaire, cela signifiait que la r\u00e9clamation du demandeur aurait d\u00fb \u00eatre rejet\u00e9e. La majorit\u00e9 a estim\u00e9 qu\u2019il y avait un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat public \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression de M. Hansman, notant que son sujet, la forme sous laquelle elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 exprim\u00e9e et la motivation qui la sous-tendent (lutter contre l\u2019expression discriminatoire et nuisible pour prot\u00e9ger les jeunes transgenres \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole) m\u00e9ritent tous une protection significative. <\/p>\n

Comme le montre Hansman c. Neufeld <\/em>, prot\u00e9ger la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression favorise aussi <\/em>l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9. Cela permet aux groupes en qu\u00eate d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 et \u00e0 leurs alli\u00e9s de d\u00e9noncer les enjeux,<\/a> de partager leurs exp\u00e9riences, de critiquer les personnes en position de pouvoir et de b\u00e2tir le soutien du public \u2013 sans craindre que la loi soit utilis\u00e9e contre eux. Comme les tribunaux canadiens l\u2019ont reconnu, la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression est un pivot qui prot\u00e8ge notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 participer \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie, \u00e0 nous exprimer et \u00e0 poursuivre la recherche de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Un grand merci \u00e0 notre avocat pro <\/em>bono cr\u00e9atif et engag\u00e9 dans l\u2019affaire Hansman c. Neufeld<\/em>, Lillianne Cadieux-Shaw et Alexi Wood.<\/p>\n

Lisez notre fait ici<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La CCLA compara\u00eet devant la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada dans une affaire cl\u00e9 de diffamation Hansman c. 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