{"id":13756,"date":"2022-12-15T15:58:21","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T20:58:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/non-classe\/rapport-international-sous-surveillance-mauvaise-utilisation-des-technologies-dans-les-interventions-durgence\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:10:53","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:10:53","slug":"rapport-international-sous-surveillance-mauvaise-utilisation-des-technologies-dans-les-interventions-durgence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/vie-privee\/rapport-international-sous-surveillance-mauvaise-utilisation-des-technologies-dans-les-interventions-durgence\/","title":{"rendered":"Rapport international : Sous surveillance : (Mauvaise )utilisation des technologies dans les interventions d\u2019urgence"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

Les partenaires internationaux de la CCLA publient un rapport sur l\u2019utilisation (abusive) mondiale des technologies pendant la pand\u00e9mie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Le R\u00e9seau international des organisations pour les libert\u00e9s civiles, auquel appartient la CCLA, ainsi que le Centre europ\u00e9en pour le droit \u00e0 but non lucratif et la vie priv\u00e9e internationale, se sont r\u00e9unis pour suivre les impacts n\u00e9gatifs des technologies de surveillance et des mesures mises en \u0153uvre pendant la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 sur les mouvements et organisations militants. Ils ont men\u00e9 une vaste enqu\u00eate sur les mesures de surveillance de la Covid-19 adopt\u00e9es dans les 15 pays membres de l\u2019INCLO (y compris le Canada), puis ont collabor\u00e9 avec des groupes locaux et des chercheurs pour approfondir la Colombie, la France, l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie, le Kenya et l\u2019Afrique du Sud. <\/p>\n

Le rapport identifie cinq tendances g\u00e9n\u00e9rales.<\/p>\n

1) La r\u00e9utilisation des mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 existantes.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les lois, technologies et agences auparavant associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la lutte contre le terrorisme et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale se sont orient\u00e9es vers le nouvel objectif de lutter contre la propagation de la Covid-19. Nous avons trouv\u00e9 des preuves que les lois sur la cybercriminalit\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9largies pour censurer les voix critiques et pers\u00e9cuter les personnes accus\u00e9es de propager de la d\u00e9sinformation sur la pand\u00e9mie au Bangladesh, en Indon\u00e9sie, au Kenya, au Niger et en Arabie saoudite. <\/p>\n

2) Le silence de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile<\/strong><\/p>\n

Des pays comme les Philippines, la Russie et l\u2019Afrique du Sud ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 de nouvelles lois pour criminaliser la d\u00e9sinformation li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie. Combin\u00e9es aux peines p\u00e9nales \u2013 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 six ans de prison en Argentine \u2013 et \u00e0 des crit\u00e8res flous pour d\u00e9finir ce qui qualifie de d\u00e9sinformation, ces mesures contribuent \u00e0 un climat de peur et d\u2019intimidation. La technologie de surveillance a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e pour surveiller les espaces publics dans le but d\u2019appliquer le confinement, la quarantaine et les exigences de distanciation sociale. <\/p>\n

3) Le risque d\u2019abus des donn\u00e9es personnelles<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les gouvernements ont introduit divers outils technologiques con\u00e7us pour retracer la propagation du virus \u2014 dont beaucoup d\u00e9pendaient de la vaste collecte de donn\u00e9es personnelles, y compris des donn\u00e9es sensibles. Ces technologies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapidement con\u00e7ues et introduites avec peu de consultation
\nou de supervision publique. Nous avons d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que de nombreuses applications de tra\u00e7age des contacts ou d\u2019application de la quarantaine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduites sans justification ni base l\u00e9gale, ce qui est disproportionn\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019objectif d\u00e9clar\u00e9, cr\u00e9ant une menace s\u00e9rieuse d\u2019abus de donn\u00e9es, y compris le risque de cibler des militants. <\/p>\n

4) Le r\u00f4le influent des entreprises priv\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pendant la pand\u00e9mie, les entreprises ont collabor\u00e9 avec les gouvernements pour d\u00e9velopper des applications et des outils de tra\u00e7age des contacts et ont conclu des ententes de partage de donn\u00e9es souvent obscures. Dans des pays comme la Colombie et le Royaume-Uni, la port\u00e9e des accords de partenariat public-priv\u00e9 opaques n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e qu\u2019apr\u00e8s que des militants ont exig\u00e9 la transparence par les lois sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019information. La pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 a \u00e9galement mis en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019influence croissante de g\u00e9ants technologiques comme Google et
\nApple, qui ont pu dicter les protocoles pour les applications de tra\u00e7age des contacts et, par cons\u00e9quent, influencer les r\u00e9ponses de sant\u00e9 publique, soulevant d\u2019importantes questions sur la surveillance d\u00e9mocratique et la responsabilit\u00e9 sur la capacit\u00e9 des entreprises priv\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des normes mondiales en pleine crise. <\/p>\n

5) La normalisation de la surveillance au-del\u00e0 de la pand\u00e9mie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nous avons de bonnes raisons de craindre la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un d\u00e9placement de la mission, car nous avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu certains gouvernements annoncer leur intention d\u2019utiliser les donn\u00e9es recueillies pendant la pand\u00e9mie \u00e0 des fins secondaires, comme le d\u00e9veloppement de plateformes nationales de sant\u00e9 en Colombie, en Inde et en Afrique du Sud. L\u2019utilisation de donn\u00e9es initialement collect\u00e9es dans des circonstances exceptionnelles pour des fins non urgentes viole le principe de limitation du but et contribue \u00e0 la normalisation d\u2019un
\n\u00e9tat de surveillance qui accumule de grandes quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es sur les personnes de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 sa n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et son intrusion. <\/p>\n

Sur la base de ces conclusions, le rapport formule des recommandations aux acteurs \u00e9tatiques, aux entreprises et \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, appelant \u00e0 un meilleur respect des droits humains, \u00e0 une meilleure transparence concernant les nouvelles mesures de surveillance et \u00e0 des garanties l\u00e9gales pour toute collecte et utilisation extraordinaires de donn\u00e9es lors d\u2019urgences publiques \u00e0 l\u2019avenir.<\/p>\n

Lisez le r\u00e9sum\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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