{"id":13329,"date":"2023-08-17T14:30:13","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T18:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/non-classe\/la-cour-supreme-clarifie-le-role-des-avocats-commis-doffice-amicus-pour-les-personnes-accusees-non-representees\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:07:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:07:35","slug":"la-cour-supreme-clarifie-le-role-des-avocats-commis-doffice-amicus-pour-les-personnes-accusees-non-representees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/la-cour-supreme-clarifie-le-role-des-avocats-commis-doffice-amicus-pour-les-personnes-accusees-non-representees\/","title":{"rendered":"La Cour supr\u00eame clarifie le r\u00f4le des avocats commis d\u2019office (amicus) pour les personnes accus\u00e9es non repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Le 28 juillet 2023, la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada a rendu sa d\u00e9cision dans R<\/span>. c. Kahsai<\/em>, 2023 CSC 20. M. Kahsai a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 d\u2019infractions criminelles et a choisi de ne pas \u00eatre repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par un avocat lors de son proc\u00e8s. Le juge du proc\u00e8s a nomm\u00e9 un avocat pour assister la cour pendant le proc\u00e8s, appel\u00e9 amicus<\/span>. <\/span>Le r\u00f4le de <\/span>l\u2019amicus est<\/em> d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par le tribunal, qui ne repr\u00e9sente pas la personne accus\u00e9e.<\/span> En appel, M. Kahsai a soutenu qu\u2019il y avait eu une erreur judiciaire en partie parce que le r\u00f4le donn\u00e9 \u00e0 <\/span>l\u2019amicus <\/em>ne comprenait pas de prendre des mesures ou de pr\u00e9senter des arguments qu\u2019un avocat de la d\u00e9fense aurait pu avancer. La Cour supr\u00eame a statu\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019y avait pas eu d\u2019erreur judiciaire et a expliqu\u00e9 le r\u00f4le <\/span> que peut jouer l\u2019amicus <\/em>dans les cas o\u00f9 une personne accus\u00e9e n\u2019est pas repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e. La Cour s\u2019est appuy\u00e9e sur les arguments de la CCLA et d\u2019autres intervenants.<\/span><\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 d\u2019un proc\u00e8s au Canada d\u00e9pend en partie d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure adversaire. Cela signifie que la poursuite, repr\u00e9sentant la Couronne, et la d\u00e9fense, repr\u00e9sentant l\u2019accus\u00e9, pr\u00e9sentent et plaident. La Couronne et la d\u00e9fense sont habituellement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par des avocats. S\u2019il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019avocat pour la d\u00e9fense, et que l\u2019accus\u00e9 ne plaide pas sa cause, il y a un risque que le proc\u00e8s soit injuste. Certaines parties de la preuve ou de la loi peuvent ne pas \u00eatre abord\u00e9es, et le tableau qui \u00e9merge au proc\u00e8s peut \u00eatre incomplet ou inexact. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Une personne accus\u00e9e peut ne pas avoir d\u2019avocat pour plusieurs raisons, notamment si elle pr\u00e9sente des d\u00e9fis mentaux, comportementaux ou cognitifs importants. En m\u00eame temps, une personne accus\u00e9e a le droit constitutionnel de d\u00e9cider comment pr\u00e9senter et d\u00e9fendre sa cause. Une question centrale dans <\/span>Kahsai<\/em> \u00e9tait de savoir comment \u00e9quilibrer \u00e9quitablement ces consid\u00e9rations lorsqu\u2019une personne accus\u00e9e n\u2019est pas repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par un avocat et qu\u2019un tribunal nomme <\/span>un amicus<\/em>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Comme l\u2019a soutenu la CCLA et expliqu\u00e9 par la Cour supr\u00eame aux paragraphes 45 et 64, le r\u00f4le de <\/span>l\u2019amicus<\/em> peut \u00eatre adapt\u00e9 et adapt\u00e9 aux besoins d\u2019une affaire individuelle :<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

[45] Le droit de l\u2019accus\u00e9 de contr\u00f4ler sa propre d\u00e9fense restreint les fonctions adversaires que <\/span>l\u2019amicus<\/em> peut assumer. Comme l\u2019a not\u00e9 l\u2019intervenant, l\u2019Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles,\u202f<\/em><\/span> l\u2019amicus ne<\/em> peut pas faire de plaidoiries ni chercher \u00e0 obtenir des preuves contredisant les d\u00e9fenses ou th\u00e9ories avanc\u00e9es par l\u2019accus\u00e9 (voir I.F., \u00e0 la p. 8). En m\u00eame temps, le choix de l\u2019accus\u00e9 de se repr\u00e9senter lui-m\u00eame n\u2019emp\u00eachera pas <\/span>l\u2019amicus<\/em> de jouer <\/span>un<\/em>\u202f<\/em>r\u00f4le adversaire, car le droit de contr\u00f4ler sa propre d\u00e9fense ne donne pas \u00e0 l\u2019accus\u00e9 le droit de d\u00e9terminer l\u2019aide dont le tribunal a besoin. […]<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

[64] En somme, dans la grande majorit\u00e9 des cas, les responsabilit\u00e9s du juge de premi\u00e8re instance et de la Couronne suffiront \u00e0 assurer l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 du proc\u00e8s. Une fois qu\u2019il est d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que <\/span>Un amicus<\/em>\u202f<\/em>est requis, le juge de premi\u00e8re instance conserve une large discr\u00e9tion pour nommer <\/span> amicus<\/em> avec des fonctions adapt\u00e9es aux besoins d\u2019un dossier. Cela peut inclure des fonctions adversaires lorsque n\u00e9cessaire pour assurer l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 du proc\u00e8s \u2014 par exemple, r\u00e9tablir l\u2019\u00e9quilibre dans une proc\u00e9dure lorsqu\u2019un accus\u00e9 choisit de se repr\u00e9senter lui-m\u00eame et ne pr\u00e9sente aucune d\u00e9fense significative. En adaptant la port\u00e9e du r\u00f4le de l\u2019amicus <\/span> , le juge prendra en compte la nature du r\u00f4le d\u2019amicus <\/span>\u202f<\/em>de la cour et les circonstances d\u2019une affaire, y compris la mani\u00e8re dont l\u2019accus\u00e9 exerce ses droits constitutionnels et ce qui est n\u00e9cessaire pour assurer un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable. Bien qu\u2019il existe des limites n\u00e9cessaires aux fonctions adversaires que <\/span> l\u2019amicus peut<\/em> exercer, la port\u00e9e est suffisamment large pour inclure ce qui est n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 du proc\u00e8s dans un cas particulier.<\/span><\/em><\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n

Vous pouvez lire la d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame <\/span>ici<\/span><\/a> et le fait de la CCLA <\/span>ici<\/span><\/a>. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

La CCLA remercie Sarah Rankin et Heather Ferg de McKay Ferg LLP pour leur excellence\u202f<\/em><\/span>Repr\u00e9sentation pro<\/em> bono dans ce cas-ci.<\/span> <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb 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