{"id":10049,"date":"2025-06-23T12:09:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T16:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccla.org\/?p=10049"},"modified":"2026-01-09T15:20:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T20:20:54","slug":"ccla-intervening-at-the-ontario-court-of-appeal-in-a-case-about-investigative-journalism-and-whistleblowers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fundamental-freedoms\/ccla-intervening-at-the-ontario-court-of-appeal-in-a-case-about-investigative-journalism-and-whistleblowers\/","title":{"rendered":"CCLA at the Ontario Court of Appeal in a Case about Investigative Journalism and Whistleblowers"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; 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gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<div>\n<p>The CCLA will be at the Ontario Court of Appeal (ONCA) this week to intervene in the case of <em>Ontario v. Animal Justice.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This case is an appeal by Ontario from a 2024 Superior Court decision which struck down significant parts of provincial regulations limiting the investigative work of undercover journalists and whistleblowers on livestock farms. The impugned regulations threaten to impose hefty fines on anybody who gains access to agricultural premises based on false pretences. The trial court found that some provisions of these regulations unreasonably violate freedom of expression.<\/p>\n<p>In appeal, Ontario disputes that its regulations are even subject to <em>Charter<\/em> scrutiny, on the grounds that they apply on private properties.<\/p>\n<p>CCLA\u2019s position is that no place, public or private, is categorically excluded from the protective scope of the <em>Charter<\/em>. State-imposed limits on expression are subject to <em>Charter<\/em> scrutiny even if they apply on private property. Our submissions will focus on why the location of expression cannot be used by the state to create <em>Charter<\/em>-free zones.<\/p>\n<p>This point is important. Should the ONCA accept Ontario\u2019s argument, this model of regulations could be used to create <em>Charter<\/em>-free zones on countless other \u201cprivate properties\u201d where undercover work and expos\u00e9s contribute to public transparency.<\/p>\n<p>The Ontario government also argues that conduct that constitutes a tort is necessarily excluded from <em>Charter<\/em> protection under s. 2(b) (freedom of expression). The implications of this argument are that the state could impose penal consequences on expression, without <em>Charter<\/em> scrutiny, merely because the same expression may attract civil consequences among private parties.<\/p>\n<p>CCLA\u2019s position is that potential common law tort liability cannot narrow the constitutional protection of fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the <em>Charter<\/em>. Otherwise, there would be differing levels of constitutional protection depending on the province in which the constitutional challenge is brought.<\/p>\n<p>CCLA is grateful to David Rankin and Ankita Gupta of Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP for their excellent <em>pro bono<\/em> representation in this case.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; 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Animal Justice case to argue that no place, public or private, is categorically excluded from the protective scope of the Charter. For instance, state-imposed limits on expression are subject to Charter scrutiny even if they apply on private property. Otherwise, the state could create Charter-free zones on countless \u201cprivate properties\u201d where undercover work and expos\u00e9s contribute to public transparency.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4661,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,75,31],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-10049","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-freedoms-expression","8":"category-freedoms-press","9":"category-fundamental-freedoms"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CCLA at the Ontario Court of Appeal in a Case about Investigative Journalism and Whistleblowers - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CCLA at the Ontario Court of Appeal in a Case about Investigative Journalism and Whistleblowers - CCLA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CCLA is intervening in the Ontario v. 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