{"id":12474,"date":"2021-07-06T01:39:15","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T05:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/notre-travail\/vie-privee\/surveillance-et-technologie\/reconnaissance-faciale\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T13:15:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T17:15:18","slug":"reconnaissance-faciale","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dev.ccla.org\/fr\/notre-travail\/vie-privee\/surveillance-et-technologie\/reconnaissance-faciale\/","title":{"rendered":"Reconnaissance faciale"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb 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La reconnaissance faciale utilise les caract\u00e9ristiques physiques de notre visage pour cr\u00e9er un mod\u00e8le math\u00e9matique qui nous est unique, tout comme une empreinte digitale. Au CCLA, nous pensons qu\u2019il vaut mieux appeler cela \u00ab empreinte faciale \u00bb plut\u00f4t que reconnaissance, car cela donne une impression plus pr\u00e9cise de ce dont nous parlons : un identifiant inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 notre corps. En un sens, c\u2019est une forme extr\u00eame de carding, car elle nous rend tous des cartes d\u2019identit\u00e9 ambulantes. <\/span><\/p>\n

La reconnaissance faciale risque d\u2019an\u00e9antir la vie priv\u00e9e en public. Imaginez si quelqu\u2019un pouvait identifier votre nom, votre adresse, votre lieu de travail, votre groupe d\u2019amis ou bien d\u2019autres facteurs priv\u00e9s simplement en prenant une photo de vous en public et en la passant dans une base de donn\u00e9es. Bien que cela puisse sembler \u00eatre le sujet d\u2019un th\u00e9oricien du complot, des entreprises priv\u00e9es, comme Clearview AI, ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 rendu cela possible en collectant des milliards de photos sur Internet et sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, puis en donnant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 quiconque paie pour un abonnement. Ces entreprises et leurs abonn\u00e9s peuvent alors suivre notre comportement des consommateurs, les politiciens peuvent utiliser nos donn\u00e9es pour influencer la prise de d\u00e9cision, des inconnus savent o\u00f9 vous vivez et travaillez. <\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][nectar_highlighted_text color_type=\u00a0\u00bbregular\u00a0\u00bb highlight_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ef770e\u00a0\u00bb style=\u00a0\u00bbfull_text\u00a0\u00bb highlight_expansion=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n

Nous croyons que la reconnaissance faciale met en p\u00e9ril vos droits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la Charte :<\/em><\/h5>\n[\/nectar_highlighted_text][vc_column_text]\n

votre libert\u00e9 d\u2019association, votre libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, votre droit d\u2019\u00eatre libre de fouilles et saisies d\u00e9raisonnables, la pr\u00e9somption d\u2019innocence, et m\u00eame vos droits de protestation<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

Il y a aussi la question de la discrimination, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9e aux programmes actuels de reconnaissance faciale. \u00c9tude<\/a><\/span> apr\u00e8s \u00e9tude<\/a><\/span> a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que la technologie de reconnaissance faciale est la plus pr\u00e9cise sur les visages des hommes blancs, et qu\u2019elle s\u2019aggrave pour les femmes, les jeunes et les personnes racis\u00e9es, en particulier les personnes noires. En effet, de nombreuses entreprises qui fabriquent cette technologie, dont IBM, Microsoft et Amazon, ont volontairement choisi d\u2019arr\u00eater de la vendre parce qu\u2019elles reconnaissent qu\u2019elle pourrait causer de terribles torts sociaux. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, au Canada, la technologie de reconnaissance faciale a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e par les forces polici\u00e8res sans pr\u00e9avis, sans consultation significative, sans supervision et responsabilit\u00e9 publiques.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

La CCLA ne croit pas que ce manque de transparence et de vie priv\u00e9e doive \u00eatre accept\u00e9 comme une partie normale de la vie au XXIe si\u00e8cle.<\/h5>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

La CCLA estime que la question n\u2019est pas de savoir comment ou quand utiliser la reconnaissance faciale, mais si \u2013 et tant qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9valuer pleinement les risques, la pr\u00e9cision de la technologie et le co\u00fbt des erreurs et des \u00e9checs \u2013 cette technologie ne devrait pas \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e, surtout \u00e0 des fins d\u2019application de la loi.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb#1e5799″ scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb50″ bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb40″ text_color=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbReconnaissance faciale et maintien de l\u2019ordre\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:30|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff|line_height:1.3″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbSmall Line\u00a0\u00bb line_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb line_thickness=\u00a0\u00bb5″ divider_color=\u00a0\u00bbextra-color-1″ animate=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb50″ custom_line_width=\u00a0\u00bb120″][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

Clearview AI est une entreprise technologique am\u00e9ricaine qui a r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 trois milliards de photos de personnes sur Internet, cr\u00e9\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me de reconnaissance faciale pour exploiter cette base de donn\u00e9es, et commercialise l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux forces de police et \u00e0 d\u2019autres individus. Nos pr\u00e9occupations vont bien au-del\u00e0 des r\u00e9v\u00e9lations concernant l\u2019utilisation de la technologie d\u2019IA Clearview, en reconnaissant qu\u2019il existe d\u2019autres syst\u00e8mes de reconnaissance faciale disponibles et utilis\u00e9s. <\/p>\n

La CCLA exprime de s\u00e9rieuses pr\u00e9occupations concernant la transparence polici\u00e8re dans l\u2019utilisation de la technologie de reconnaissance faciale par les forces de l\u2019ordre canadiennes. Ces pr\u00e9occupations ont pouss\u00e9 la CCLA \u00e0 \u00e9crire \u00e0 diverses forces de police \u00e0 travers le pays pour demander lesquelles avaient envisag\u00e9 ou utilisaient Clearview sans la connaissance et le consentement du public. <\/p>\n

La Police provinciale de l\u2019Ontario, le Service de police d\u2019Edmonton et la Police r\u00e9gionale d\u2019Halifax ont tous d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019ils n\u2019avaient aucun dossier correspondant \u00e0 notre enqu\u00eate. Cependant, les m\u00e9dias ont ensuite r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois services policiers utilisaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 Clearview AI. Nous avons contact\u00e9 la GRC et la police de Calgary, qui ont demand\u00e9 une prolongation, et pendant que nous attendions, les m\u00e9dias ont ensuite rapport\u00e9 leur utilisation de Clearview AI. Des reportages m\u00e9diatiques ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 \u00e0 propos de trois autres forces polici\u00e8res auxquelles nous avons ensuite contact\u00e9. Sur les neuf services de police que nous avons contact\u00e9s, huit ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9masqu\u00e9s comme utilisant Clearview AI. <\/p>\n

Une enqu\u00eate lanc\u00e9e par le commissaire \u00e0 la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e du Canada, ainsi que par les commissaires du Qu\u00e9bec, de l\u2019Alberta et de la Colombie-Britannique, a r\u00e9cemment men\u00e9 au retrait de Clearview AI du Canada, mais les r\u00e9sultats de cette enqu\u00eate sont toujours attendus et, esp\u00e9rons-le, r\u00e9v\u00e9leront en quoi Clearview AI n\u2019a<\/a> pas respect\u00e9 les exigences des lois canadiennes sur la vie priv\u00e9e, ainsi que dans quelle mesure les forces polici\u00e8res ont commis des erreurs en l\u2019utilisant sans l\u2019\u00e9valuer correctement pour sa conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

La contention, l\u2019exc\u00e8s de contention, la d\u00e9tention \u2014 tout cela \u00e9tait ill\u00e9gal et susceptible de dommages.<\/h5>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

En mai 2019, notre directeur ex\u00e9cutif, Michael Bryant, a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation<\/a> recommandant un moratoire sur l\u2019utilisation future de la technologie de reconnaissance faciale. Il a ajout\u00e9 que la technologie de reconnaissance faciale est ill\u00e9gale en ce qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une fouille de masse, indiscrimin\u00e9e, disproportionn\u00e9e, inutile et sans mandat de personnes innocentes sans motif raisonnable et probable. <\/p>\n

En juillet 2020, la CCLA a cosign\u00e9 une lettre du International Civil Liberties Monitoring Group au ministre de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique, Bill Blair<\/a> , demandant l\u2019interdiction de la surveillance par la reconnaissance faciale par les forces de l\u2019ordre f\u00e9d\u00e9rales et les agences de renseignement, une consultation publique significative sur tous les aspects de la technologie de reconnaissance faciale au Canada, ainsi que l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de politiques et de lois claires et transparentes r\u00e9glementant l\u2019utilisation de la reconnaissance faciale au Canada.<\/p>\n

Nous pensons que l\u2019utilisation de Clearview indique une crise plus large de la responsabilit\u00e9 polici\u00e8re lors de l\u2019acquisition et de l\u2019utilisation des outils de surveillance \u00e9mergents, et nous devons rester fermes pour d\u00e9fendre nos droits \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e et r\u00e9pondre aux impacts n\u00e9fastes de la surveillance de masse.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][nectar_highlighted_text color_type=\u00a0\u00bbregular\u00a0\u00bb highlight_color=\u00a0\u00bb#012858″ style=\u00a0\u00bbfull_text\u00a0\u00bb highlight_expansion=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre et d\u00e9mocratique, les policiers ne peuvent interf\u00e9rer dans l\u2019exercice des libert\u00e9s individuelles que dans la mesure permise par la loi…<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n[\/nectar_highlighted_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb#f2f2f2″ scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb enable_gradient=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb color_overlay=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0.3)\u00a0\u00bb 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